What is the word for "the way a word sounds to your ear"?

Vocable: A word considered only as a sequence of sounds or letters rather than as a unit of meaning.

Phthongal: Of or pertaining to sound; vocal; sonant.

Most dictionaries will only give equivalents to the following two definitions...

phonology
1:The system of contrastive relationships among the speech sounds that constitute the fundamental components of a language.
2:The study of phonological relationships within a language or between different languages.

But here are almost 3000 written instances of...

the phonology of the word [some word being discussed]...

I think that's enough to establish that it's a valid "neutral" term to use in this way.

The characteristic sound associated with a word when it is spoken correctly is its pronunciation .

Are you talking about the absolute simplest form of words?

Morpheme: A morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g., in, come, -ing, forming incoming).

This isn't the sound of words, but the sounds that make up words.

The word for sounds of a word is: Phonology (see @FumbleFingers' answer) which is the branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages.

An interesting field that delves into this is Morphophonology as it is a branch of linguistics which studies the interaction between morphological and phonological or phonetic processes.

It is called a signifier.

1 Linguistics A linguistic unit or pattern, such as a succession of speech sounds, written symbols, or gestures, that conveys meaning; a linguistic sign.

The signifier of the concept "tree" is, in English, the string of speech sounds (t), (r), and (ē); in German, (b), (ou), and (m).

2 the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

According to Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure:

The sign (signe) is described as a "double entity", made up of the signifier, or sound image (signifiant), and the signified, or concept (signifié).

The sound image is a psychological, not a material concept, belonging to the system. Both components of the linguistic sign are inseparable.