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Use of comma to include or exclude

English Language & Usage Asked by joe friel on August 6, 2020

In the following:
The French background check program, in partnership with the French army, is extended to the following:
– All French tennis Technical Officials, National and Above

Does this mean all French tennis technical officials including national and above or does it mean only national and above and exclude all others?

One Answer

The first thing you need to note down is “does not include” doesn’t literally equal ”excludes”.

  • Example: “This price doesn’t include tax” means you have to add tax to the price before paying.

  • Example: “This price excludes tax” means you don’t have to pay more than what the price is, in other words, you don’t have to pay tax for this price.

“Above” means any of particular higher ranks (however, in the sentence it uses the capital “A” for the word “above”, so it can probably be a name of a department.).


“,” or comma, we use it when we have 2 or more items to put on a list before the word “and” in order to make it more readable, separating the items.

  • Example: “The list includes red, blue, green, black and blue”

“All French tennis Technical Officials, National and Above”

The sentence above means French tennis Technical Officials, National and any of particular higher ranks/(a department with the name “Above”) are on the whitelist.

Answered by hbtpoprock on August 6, 2020

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