English Language & Usage Asked by Xenon Kfr on October 16, 2020
Interestingly enough, a large number of the Facebook-based business ventures [have been formed][,]
and [are run] and [managed] by women,
which directly and indirectly contributes to women’s empowerment in the country.
My first question is about the Comma in the third bracket before and. The rule of the Comma before and is:
Source: Using a Comma before “And”
But a large number of the Facebook-based business ventures have been formed and [are run] and [managed] by women are not independent clauses. So why the comma is used there?
The second question is about maintaining the parallel verbs which are [have been formed] and [are run] and [managed] which share the same subject. Shouldn’t the verbs sharing the same subject be the same tense?
Source: Using Parallel Verbs
The use of the tense depends upon what event happened first and what followed thereafter. Facebook-based business ventures were first formed which is a one time event. Then, the ventures are run and managed by women who were hired after the formation of the venture.
Hence, the tense for formation is in present-perfect form and the other two verbs are in simple past tense.
P.S. are run and managed is equivalent to are run and are managed where run is in past form.
Answered by Monu Chaudhary on October 16, 2020
The first highlighted comma incorrectly disrupts the flow of the sentence as you suggested.
The mix of tenses gives the reader a sense of continuity, that events have happened and continue to happen. It also seems to convey a wider time scale, that these are not new events; whereas Business ventures are formed, run, and managed by women suggests now or in the future.
Answered by William McEnaney on October 16, 2020
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