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"this drug induces sleeping" or "this drug induces sleep"?

English Language & Usage Asked on August 23, 2021

I seem to have heard both structures before, but I don’t understand which it would be.

In other languages the second verb would be in the infinitive, but I have heard things like "Josh hates running" from native speakers, making the ‑ING version correct in at least that particular case. What about "Josh hates to run" with an infinite instead?

Could I get some clarification on whether one version sounds better than the other, or whether they have different meanings? Is there a general rule to be understood here, or is every valid verb combination of this sort idiosyncratic and unpredictable?

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