Past perfect tense

Solution 1

"WHEN" means a specific time(point in time), not a period of time.

The doorbell woke you up means You were sleeping when the doorbell rang and you woke up because the doorbell rang. It's a simultaneous action. okay?

Because the doorbell rang, you woke up. okay?

"the doorbell" is not "you" : the subject is different. So we can't omit "the doorbell". okay?

The verb "rang"s infinitive is ring and its present participle is "ringing". okay?

(Because) The/the doorbell ringing, you woke up. okay?

Solution 2

Again "WHEN" is a point in time, not a period of time.

"When the doorbell had rung, I woke up" means you woke up after the doorbell had rung.

It's not simultaneous but there is a time difference. We(in Korea) call this past perfect "Great Past", which shows the order of the event. okay?

"After the doorbell had rung, I woke up" means

(After) The/the doorbell having rung, I woke up.

The first option is correct:

When the doorbell rang, I woke up.

Here’s how when is used:

• interruption—He was holding his newborn baby when you called. (“called” [“rang up”]—short duration)
• same time—He was holding his newborn baby when (or while) he was talking on the phone. (“was talking”—longer duration)
• immediately after (in response)—When you called, he picked up his phone. (“called” and “picked up”—short duration)
• anytime / whenever—When he has a question, he calls the doctor. (cause effect)...

_{Source: When vs. While}

Your sentence displays the sense of “immediately after (in response)”.

The last option is somewhat possible if when is being used in the sense of by the time:

When the doorbell rang, I had [already] woken up.
By the time the doorbell rang, I had woken up.

Without already or by the time, though, the sentence does not sound natural.