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Noun + Past Participle Usage

English Language & Usage Asked by Bharath Reddy on January 18, 2021

DCR(Dark Current Rate) represents the base noise level of a SPAD caused by parasitic avalanches happening in the dark due to thermal noise and band-to-band tunnelling effects.

I don’t understand why the author wrote caused instead of writing is caused in the above sentence. Please explain how to use and form such kinds of sentences and what are they called?
Please explain it with some examples if possible.

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