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Literary device similar to an analogy, except the two being compared actually are the same (even if not associated together often)

English Language & Usage Asked by programjames on November 30, 2020

Example

A comparison between President Nixon and a war veteran.

President Nixon checks all of the boxes for a war veteran:

  1. Did he serve in the army? Yes, he was the Commander in Chief.
  2. Is he currently serving in the army? No, he resigned in 1974.
  3. Was his health injured while serving in the army? Yes, he developed pneumonia, and after he was "sent home" (resigned from the Presidency) he underwent surgery to fix a medical issue that resulted from his service.

So, President Nixon literally is a war veteran. However, we don’t think of our former Presidents as war veterans! If a writer were to make the comparisons above, and then use this idea of Nixon being a war veteran to demonstrate something else about him (perhaps showing why he was Republican), what would this be called?

It seems to be the metaphors of analogies: Similes and metaphors compare two things but only metaphors claim they are literally the same. Analogies compare two things, but only this literary device claims the two are literally the same.

This is similar to an archetype, except archetypes deal with broader concepts. Rather than ‘war veteran’ an archetype would deal with ‘soldier’.

Anyways, what is this literary device called?

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