Is there a word for when you are attempting to google something but can't find the necessary phrase/key words to return the results you're after

We say that your search terms are too broad. You need to find a narrower search term.

There probably isn't a single word for this.

As TRomano suggests, a too broad search will give you vast quantities of unrelated hits.

Compare:

How to program in C++

How to open an input stream in C++

The first will get you lots and lots of hits, and somewhere in there probably you will find, after heroic efforts, the information from the second.

But several other things are possible. For example: Used the wrong name for the concept. Recently I wanted to know how to write a good scripting language. So I searched for this

how to write a good scripting language

And I got tons of hits on how to break into writing for TV. Along with tons of references to existing scripting languages such as Python, PERL, and JAVA. But when I changed my search to this

how to implement a domain specific language

then the search results had ten useful hits right at the top. There are many ways to express this. Mis-focused search, inaccurate search, poorly targeted search, conceptually inaccurate search, terminologically inaccurate search, etc.

Generally, if you search for a phrase that the Google search people have noticed being searched for, you are going to get useful hits at the top. Otherwise, you will be in relatively uncharted territory. So this means terms like out of bounds, unexpected, into unprepared territory, etc.