English Language & Usage Asked on February 23, 2021
I find that often, in technical writing, I want to specify that or is non-exclusive: or ≠ xor; or = and/or.
(Stylistically, “and or” is terrible and gets tiresome quickly;)
As an example of the type of ambiguity that can arise, see I need clarification on the use of the word “either”.
If one has established an “xor” in natural language, “or” can be assumed to be non-exclusive can be assumed, but that may not be explicit enough.
Russel & Whitehead used “v” as a symbol. [See: Symbol for ‘Or’]
See also: Does “or” mean both conditions?
As far as I know, there is no natural language contraction for the inclusive or.
In fact, in order to make it explicit, you have to write something even longer:
You can choose A, B, or A and B.
But even that may not be explicit enough—because it doesn't absolutely rule out the possibility of not making a choice—or making a choice that isn't any of those things.
If an inclusive choice has be made, then you have to say something like this:
You must choose A, B, or A and B.
Note that this also applies to the natural language equivalent of the exclusive or:
You can choose either A or B, but not both.
Generally, adding just either is enough; however, many people add the extra three words if they want to make sure there is no room for any confusion at all.
And also, in the more explicit version:
You must choose either A or B, but not both.
Answered by Jason Bassford on February 23, 2021
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