How to interpret a reported speech

1. Ex 1) Direct speech: He said " We lived here for 5 years"
   Indirect speech : He told me that they had lived there for 5 years.

Ex 2) Direct speech: He said " We have lived here for 5 years"
Indirect speech: He told me that they had lived there for 5 years.

But how come I arrive at a conclusion when the indirect speech i.e, He said They had lived there for 5 years" does not specifically say whether they once lived there or the have been still living there? Could you pls help me how a context helps us to arrive at a conclusion on what exactly one is referring to( past simple or present perfect).

2. Indirect speech: She said she had to leave. when we convert it into a direct speech, which of these is correct and which of these is she referring to?
   a) she said " I have to go", or
   b) She said " I had to go".

3. Indirect speech: He said she had been writing when he had gone there. when we convert it into a direct speech,which of these is correct and which of these is he referring to?
   a) He said " she was writing when he went there", or
   b) He said " she had been writing when he went there".

4. Indirect speech: He said Everyday the train passed by while she was reading a newspaper. when we convert it into a direct speech,which of these is correct and which of these is he referring to?
   a) He said " Everyday, the train passed by while she was reading a newspaper ", or
   b) He said " Everyday, the train passes by while she is reading a newspaper "