has been noun/adjective

As all four sentences use the Present Perfect tense, they incorporate both the past and the present. Without knowing the context, I would guess that they all started in the past and have not stopped yet, and therefore continue into the present.

However, an alternative is that the action itself has stopped (probably recently), but an effect of the action still continues in the present. For example, suppose the speaker of the fourth sentence has recently turned her/his life around, but the problem is she/he still has to face the consequences of wasting her/his life up until then.

If you want them to finish in the past (but still last for a presumably long time) instead of continuing into the present, use the Past Perfect tense instead. All you have to do is change 'have'/'has' into 'had' for each. For example: "He had been a boxer."