English Language & Usage Asked on July 3, 2021
I have read most of the gender neutrality threads on this forum and googled but failed to find detailed proposals on one aspect of gender neutrality: using it when QUOTING sources written originally in English and especially English translations from other languages. Plenty of discussions how to use it when writing the original text in English or when translating but not when QUOTING.
I have identified myself four ‘levels’ of gender neutrality to be used in different situations of quoting. I would appreciate your comments – which levels you accept (do not accept) and why.
Level 1. Modifying the English quotation when the text in the original language is gender neutral.
For instance, there is an actual translation ‘Man is a creature whose will is greater than his ability” (from German “der Mensch ist dasjenige Geschöpf, das mehr will, als es kann’).
I have no doubts about modifying the quote to a neutral one, with square brackets in relevant places to show that this has been done.
Level 2. Modifying the English quotation when the text in the original language is NOT gender neutral.
For instance, there is an actual translation “Man only exists insofar as he expresses himself” (from German “Der Mensch kann nicht anders existieren als indem er sich ausdrückt.”).
I think it should be fine changing the English quotation to make it neutral (e.g. ‘[Hu]man only exists insofar as [they express themselves]). Same if the source of the quote were originally written in English.
Level 3
Changing the translated or original title of a CHAPTER in a book or the title of an ARTICLE.
For instance, a chapter in a book is translated as follows: ‘The Spiritual Problem of Modern Man’. In the footnote containing a reference to this source I would like to modify the title as follows:
Carl G. Jung, ‘The Spiritual Problem of Modern [Hu]man,’ in The Collected Works of C. G. Jung.
Level 4
Changing the TITLE of the book that is quoted.
When providing a quote from the book published originally in English as ‘Man and His Symbols’, the footnote would read
Carl G. Jung, ed., [Hu]man and [Their] Symbols
The practical problem is that, at this level of modification, it might be difficult for the reader to find the book if needed. On the other hand, the title of the book was supposed to be gender neutral originally and the modification does convey the true meaning.
Mensch, may be translated as “mankind” Mankind is gender neutral. If you want to be more politically correct than necessary and overtly demonstrate your credentials, “Humankind” can be used.
‘The Spiritual Problem of Modern Man’ This cannot be changed. It is not only a proper noun phrase, it is a named location in a book.
‘Man and His Symbols’ The idea of altering the titles of published book is outrageous. No matter what the title, or how offensive, it cannot be altered.
I will offer you this by Carl Sagan “The suppression of uncomfortable ideas may be common in religion and politics, but it is not the path to knowledge.”
Answered by Greybeard on July 3, 2021
In APA, how you quote a foreign language work depends on if you use your own translation or someone else’s:
If you translate using your own words, you’re paraphrasing the foreign language source.
Therefore, you can use the words you feel are most appropriate with no square brackets. Paraphrasing is not put in quotes unless it’s a translation of direct speech.
If you’re using someone else’s words (ie copying phrases from an English translation and not paraphrasing), it is a quote.
A quote retains the original wording, down to the spelling. While APA doesn’t offer specific guidance for how often you should use square brackets in your situation, it does anticipate that there may be stylistic differences between quotes and the rest of the paper: for example, for British sources it says to keep the spelling. So while square brackets can, in theory, be used to change any word you want in a quote, they probably shouldn’t: it’s distracting to read something that overuses square brackets.
For citations, you must cite what you see (and cite what you use), so no changing the title of the work if you are quoting from something that has an English title. For sources that you have translated yourself, you put your English version of the title inside square brackets:
Janzen, G., & Hawlik, M. (2005). Orientierung im Raum: Befunde zu Entscheidungspunkten [Orientation in space: Findings about decision points]. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 213(4), 179–186. doi:10.1026/0044-3409.213.4.179
Answered by Laurel on July 3, 2021
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