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Can a Noun or Noun phrase ever be Secondary Predicate complement or adjunct?

English Language & Usage Asked on August 26, 2021

1

She drank the coffee [hot] – adjective
The winter froze the Lake [solid]-adjective

Sam painted the wall [green] – adjective
The boy delivered the package [wet] – adjective

She sells them [new] – adjective

All of the adjectives in the above sentences modify {Object} (even though some can be ambiguous)

2

The soldiers arrived the camp [exhausted] – adjective

The cup arrived [broken] – adjective

The lake froze [solid] – adjective

I started this project [quite enthusiastic] – adjective phrase

All of the adjectives in the above sentences modify {Subject}

My Question

Can I use a Noun or Noun Phrase in the place of adjectives?

As in:-

3

She drank the coffee [the tastiest concoction] – Noun phrase

The winter froze the Lake [a solid block] – Noun phrase

Sam painted the wall [colour of the sky] – Noun phrase

The boy delivered the package [a torn bundle] – Noun Phrase


Can a noun or noun phrase act as modifier in the place of adjectives?


Sam named his son [John] – Noun

John here acts as a modifier and is inevitable- so it is a complement.

To me, I’m not a native speaker, some of the sentences in the top-most 2 sections sound they’re Resultative constructions — adjective comes as a result of some action.
And some others sound like Depictive constructions — the adjective modifies a subject or object that are static and do not undergo a change or anything.

And to my exotic ears these constructions sound alright. Whether there is an adjective as the complement or noun as the complement they equally sound like a result of some action in one case, and in another a less hassle modification to the subject or object.

The sentences with [adjective] as complement are, according to a number of sources, true and they make sense to everyone.
But the problem here is not that.
The question here is whether the the Adjectives replaced by Nouns and Noun phrases make sense (3 and 4 section).
They do make sense to me, being a foreigner.

And finally- in linguistic terms what are they called? (1 and 2 sections)
Is there a strict line restricting the formation of such constructions? (as there can be an infinite number of Depictive and Resultative circumstances).

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