Ask for a more concise phrase than "fundamental physical and chemical properties"

These are often referred to as the intrinsic properties.

intrinsic =

basic to a thing, being an important part of making it what it is:

Cambridge dictionary

I give you the example of the metal iron: mass, volume and density. Mass and volume depend on the details of an iron object (an iron ship, an iron nail, an iron filing) and are not intrinsic to the metal iron. The density of the iron is intrinsic (about 8 gm/cubic centimetre).

There is an extended, useful and clear presentation of these issues in

docs.google