Are Said Phrases Dependent Clauses, Independent Clauses or Phrases?

I have been stuck on these two questions for figuring out whether or not these are independent or dependent clauses/ phrases. The two are:

a new year

and

the blues and the bad

I think that "a new year" is a phrase because there is no verb, and I think "the blues and the bad" is a phrase as well because of no verb as far as I can tell, but I would like confirmation and why.

Thanks.