How to translate Brazil's academic degrees in the USA classification?

Depending on your definition of 'translation', that might be untranslatable, as there's a conceptual gap at play. Different educational systems have different categories; while Brazil has a federal law defining the types of academic degrees, as far as I know, it is not the case for the United States (or I'm not aware of that). The degree names differ between the two countries and might also have some variation inside the US. Therefore, you have at least two unmatched systems of categorization. So trying to translate degrees for your CV is problematic as it might either 'inflate' or 'deflate' your degree.

That said, there's a simple online text explaining degrees in the United States, available at http://potomacpanthers.org/academic-degrees-of-the-united-states (weirdly citing "Canadian Pharmacy" and "Online Pharmacy" as sources, but containing information that I mostly verified in the past).

Don't use it necessarily as a guide to translate degree names. I would recommend the original term or a word-for-word translation, in both cases with a note (when it's possible) for CVs or any kind of strictly formal text. Most universities are capable of finding proper information if they don't know what your degree means. Adding a note to your text will help you, as some degrees in Brazil have names that might suggest they're higher than they are in fact, but might impact aesthetics in a CV (there's no perfect choice).

Of course, that's an advisable choice for the context you asked for, and does not apply, for instance, to everyday/informal communication, where a small distortion won't be a problem. For instance, telling your friends you possess a degree whose name they won't understand is a poor choice, so the context should be carefully evaluated.

PS: Be careful with the word "dissertation", as it might imply a doctorate research in some contexts (in most American universities, you produce a thesis for obtaining a Bachelor's or a Master's degree, and a dissertation for a PhD, unlike in Brazil).