I want to understand this pneumatic circuit

Question

I have trouble understanding the following pneumatic circuit diagram:

I am new to reading circuit diagrams and i am unfamiliar with some of the symbols. I would appreciate if somebody could explain them to me. In particular I have the following questions:

What does the dotted line in bottom left of the directional control valve mean?
Why is a control valve with 5 ports used? Isn't one of the port on the left of the valve redundant and a 4/2 valve could be used instead?
Why are there four ports on the actuator? I am only familiar with actuators with two ports (which would correspond to the top two ports). What are the bottom port and the right port used for?
What does the symbol in the top right mean?
What do the triangles on top of the lines mean? Why is one white and one black?

I realize that these are a lot of questions. But as I said, I am new to this. I would also appreciate if anybody could link a free source, there such diagrams are explained systematically. So far I used the Wikipedia page, but there are a lot of symbols/subtleties which are not covered there.

laurens van Lieshout · Answer

1 Dotted line means there is inside of the valve a connection. Function properly a spring or damper (According FESTO Pressure regulator valve )
2 Using 5 ports giving the possibility to use two different sound dempers.
3 Two ports are direct connected to the valve. The port both left is probity used for an external connection on the shaft. Function ?? The port top richt looks a lubricating oil device.
4 The triangle is filled. Probably meaning; the lines are filled with liquid. Oil? The triangle ar marked as air lines.
Normally if you use the function of the device you can estimate more easily the function of the individual components

I want to understand this pneumatic circuit

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