Electrical Engineering Asked on December 29, 2021
I’m interested in building or buying an electric (arc or induction) furnace for smelting & heat-treating metals.
Most designs I’ve seen utilize PID controllers and thermocouples.
How are extreme temperatures accurately reached and measured without damaging (i.e. melting) the precision measuring instruments (e.g. thermocouples, etc.)?
Depends what you mean by "extreme" but base metal thermocouples (eg. K, N) work okay up to >1000°C depending on atmosphere, precious metal thermocouples (eg. R, S, B) to perhaps 1600°C and tungsten/rhenium thermocouples to well over 2000°C and briefly to perhaps 3000°C.
There are also optical pyrometers. In the olden days one would match the appearance of a filament against the light from a furnace, which works up to quite high temperatures (perhaps 3000°C).
Answered by Spehro Pefhany on December 29, 2021
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