Electrical Engineering Asked by Michael Brown on November 28, 2020
I am currently working on a battery powered project (4 x AA rechargeable batteries) with an Attiny (max vin = 5.5V), which works perfectly so far.
But if I would insert normal batteries into the holder instead of the 4 AA rechargeable batteries (the voltage of a normal battery is much higher than that of a full rechargeable battery), the maximum input voltage of the Attiny would be exceeded, which wouldn’t be so great.
For this reason I am looking for the most efficient, cheap and above all power-saving method to lower the total voltage of the 4 AA batteries or rechargeable batteries by about 1V, so that it doesn’t matter anymore if I use rechargeable or non-rechargeable batteries for the project.
Should I simply use a diode (voltage drop around 0.7V) or resistors? What are your suggestions?
It really depends on the accuracy needed, and how stable (temperature affects most electronic devices and can cause them to vary)
There are three ways to create a voltage reference:
If you need something that is more stable than 1mV, I'd use a voltage reference.
This article goes into more detail: https://www.nutsvolts.com/magazine/article/build_a_01_accurate_voltage_reference
Answered by Voltage Spike on November 28, 2020
You are in need of a voltage regulator.
A diode drop is not ideal (no pun intended). It's only 0.7V for a certain current for a certain diode make for a specific diode. i.e. Given several diodes, they will all measure a little different.
I would suggest adding another battery in series, then use a buck regulator to turn it into the low voltage (5V or 3.3V) that you need. Buck regulators are very efficient nowadays and can commonly be found in the upper 80%.
If you don't need 5V, then you can skip the extra battery.
Answered by Aaron on November 28, 2020
A diode is the easiest place to start. A 1N4004 drops about 0.8 V, and a 1N4148 drops about 0.7 V (both dependent on the actual current through the diodes). Those calculate out to above 85% efficient.
The downside comes when the batteries are partially discharged. Now you don't need the voltage drop, and it is subtracting from the useful battery life. An LDO (low drop-out) regulator circuit can get you the regulation at higher voltages, but only about 0.1 V drop as the batteries discharge. However, it is a more complex circuit.
Answered by AnalogKid on November 28, 2020
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