Can't program ATmega with ICSP on custom pcb

Question

I'm fairly new to PCB design, and I've been trying to program the microcontrollers on the board I designed with no luck. The board uses an ATmega32u4 and an ATmega328P. I've been trying to program them with a cheap $10 ICSP programmer from Amazon, with no luck. avrdude tells me that "initialization failed" and if I try to force it, I get this:

I tested the pins and confirmed that the ICSP header is properly connected to the microcontrollers. I've been racking my brain trying to figure out what went wrong and the only thing I can think of is maybe it's a bad programmer?
Here's the schematic:

I appreciate any feedback you might have.

aditya444 · Answer

Can you program the same chip outside the board? I hope you have put the chip in a DIP socket. Doesn't apply to SMD though. In that case make sure the chip itself isn't faulty. Although rarely, but sometimes it so happens that the chip is configured to expect a crystal oscillator at the XTAL pins. try providing that and see if it runs.

Answered by aditya444 on February 21, 2021

Can't program ATmega with ICSP on custom pcb

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