Training a CNN on a large dataset

I am currently trying to build a CNN for around 100,000 images. There are 42 classes. I have used the default batch size of 32. This is how my model looks like:

model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(filters = 32, kernel_size = (3, 3), activation = 'relu', input_shape = training_data.image_shape))
model.add(MaxPool2D(pool_size = (2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(rate = 0.3))

model.add(Conv2D(filters = 64, kernel_size = (3, 3), activation = 'relu'))
model.add(MaxPool2D(pool_size = (2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(rate = 0.2))

model.add(Conv2D(filters = 126, kernel_size = (3, 3), activation = 'relu'))
model.add(MaxPool2D(pool_size = (2, 2)))
model.add(Dropout(rate = 0.15))

model.add(Flatten())

model.add(Dense(units = 32, activation = 'relu'))
model.add(Dropout(rate = 0.15))

model.add(Dense(units = 64, activation = 'relu'))
model.add(Dropout(rate = 0.1))

model.add(Dense(units = 42, activation = 'softmax'))
model.compile(optimizer = 'adam', loss = 'categorical_crossentropy', metrics = ['accuracy'])

However, the training time takes super long and each epoch takes around 35 minutes to run. The accuracy is also very low and increases very slowly.

My jupyter lab will sometimes stop and have to refresh everything again. So is there a way to train in smaller batches? Or a way to improve the training speed? Any help is appreciated. It is a very huge dataset.

Epoch 1/15
2307/2307 [==============================] - 3999s 2s/step - loss: 3.5377 - accuracy: 0.0687 - val_loss: 3.3247 - val_accuracy: 0.1223
Epoch 2/15
2307/2307 [==============================] - 3764s 2s/step - loss: 3.2884 - accuracy: 0.1239 - val_loss: 3.1065 - val_accuracy: 0.1739
Epoch 3/15
2307/2307 [==============================] - 2204s 955ms/step - loss: 3.1435 - accuracy: 0.1562 - val_loss: 2.9825 - val_accuracy: 0.2069
Epoch 4/15
2307/2307 [==============================] - 2193s 951ms/step - loss: 3.0526 - accuracy: 0.1778 - val_loss: 2.9059 - val_accuracy: 0.2171