Chinese Language Asked on October 22, 2021
In today’s reading, I encountered the expression 敬而远之. However, I noticed this x而y之
structure is repeated in many other 4-character expressions (Pleco search ?而?之
):
敬而远之
大而化之
等而下之
分而治之
换而言之
久而久之
取而代之
堂而皇之
Thus, it seems I should study how such structures work and thereby learn whole families of 4-character expressions at a time.
Question: What are the repeatedly used structures in 4-character expressions (e.g. chengyu) and what do they mean?
I’m seeking a kind of overview of major structures (those that occur in multiple 4-character expressions, like x而y之
above) for 4-character expressions, and a brief explanation as to how to interpret them. It looks like x而y之
is an adjective that combines x
and y
.
Note that x而y之
is just one example, and there are others like 千x万y
(see also Chengyu with two numbers).
(Whenever I look up chengyu on the web, I find pages like this and this which give a handful of common but disparate examples, making them very difficult to actually remember.)
Axel Tong answered A而B之 perfectly. I would address some other idiom structures not mentioned in the question
Becky 李蓓 wrote:
Note that x而y之 is just one example, and there are others like 千x万y
[(adjective A) + (noun A) + (adjective B) + (noun B)] / Example: 千丝万缕,如狼似虎
[(adverb A) + (adjective A) + (adverb B) + (adjective B)] / Example: 穷凶极恶,巨奸大恶
[adverb A] + [(verb A) + (adverb B) + (verb B)] / Example: 穷追猛打,虚打假闘
[(verb A) + (adverb A) + (verb B) + (adverb B)] / Example: 赶尽杀绝,看惯见熟
In the four structures above, the relationship between (A) and (B) are either being similar or being one half of a split-up compound word
千万 丝缕 --> 千丝万缕
如似 狼虎 --> 如狼似虎
穷极 凶恶 --> 穷凶极恶
巨大 奸恶 --> 巨奸大恶
穷猛 追打 --> 穷追猛打
虚假 打闘 --> 虚打假闘
赶杀 尽绝 --> 赶尽杀绝
看见 惯熟 --> 看惯见熟
Studying the examples about, you can apply the same structure to coin new idiomatic phrases out of the common compound words that contain two characters that have a similar, identical or opposite meaning
Example:
粉碎 身(体) 骨(骼) --> 粉身碎骨
超赶 英美 --> 超英赶美
忽然 冷热 --> 忽冷忽热
Answered by Tang Ho on October 22, 2021
It seems that there are two types of 成语 represented by the same “structure”.
A而B之 could mean “action + action, done to something (third person pronoun)”.
取而代之 means “to take and replace 之 (something that was previously mentioned)”. Compare this to 取代, which simply means “replace”. You could consider 取而代之 a literary form of 取代; using it adds elegance to an otherwise common word. Other examples include 换而言之、敬而远之 and 分而治之.
A而B之 could also mean “adjective + adjective, used to describe something (third person pronoun)”.
堂而皇之 means that something (之) is “wide like a hall and grand like imperial edifices”. Similarly, this can be considered a literary form of 堂皇. I would say 久而久之 has similar characteristics, but note that the 久 is describing a long period of time, instead of the appearance or a quality of an object.
Answered by Axel Tong on October 22, 2021
Get help from others!
Recent Questions
Recent Answers
© 2024 TransWikia.com. All rights reserved. Sites we Love: PCI Database, UKBizDB, Menu Kuliner, Sharing RPP