Chemistry Asked by Shubham Sagar on November 11, 2021
Which of the following compound will give least substituted alkene as major product with alcoholic $ce{KOH}$.
The options are:
I am confused between options 1 and 3. Both seem to give more substituted alkene as the major product. Does alcoholic $ce{KOH}$ always mean it is an E2 elimination?
What is the mechanism here?
Haloalkanes react with alc. $ce{KOH}$ mainly via $E_2$ mechanism. But, in some cases, where $beta-ce{H}$ isn't present, it proceeds via $E_1$, as in case of $(4)$ one. Let's analyze each option,
Firstly, the $ce{-Cl}$ departs, and then the base picks up a $beta-ce{H}$ from the terminal methyl group (i.e., $ce{C-5}$), resulting in mono- substituted alkene (Hofmann product as major). Steric factors are significant in selectivity of $beta-ce{H}$. Therefore, Zaitsev product will be formed in very minor concentrations, bcoz $ce{-C(CH3)2Ph}$ is more bulkier substituent than $ce{^tBu}$.
This one is similar to $(1)$ case, except for the fact that due to less steric hindrance, it will give di- substituted alkene (Zaitsev product).
Option $(2)$: It's clear that this molecule will form a tri- substituted alkene.
Option $(4)$: As hinted above, it will proceed through $E_1$, resulting in a tri- substituted alkene.
Different levels of substitution are shown below, (source: www.chemistrysteps.com)
Answered by Rahul Verma on November 11, 2021
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