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Why/How do Cyanobacteria Produce Toxins?

Biology Asked by mpprogram6771 on December 27, 2020

I’ve been doing some research on the versatility of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, particularly of the genus Anabaena, and I often run into safety hazards and have to add extra steps to my procedures because of the toxins produced by the genus. After doing some reading, I’ve found that most cyanobacteria produce toxins (collectively dubbed “cyanotoxins”). The wide variety of different structures and mechanisms of the toxins across multiple genera is astounding, especially because some of them are carcinogens, which would logically affect the host unless a mechanism to prevent this had evolved. This tells me that a lot of evolutionary “effort” must have been put into the evolution of toxin production in cyanobacteria. Originally, I just thought that the toxins were a natural part of their metabolism that evolved normally because these compounds didn’t affect them in the same way as they did us. Now that I see the Huge, variable trend throughout the class, I have begun to think otherwise. My questions are as follows:

  1. What is the evolutionary basis for the production of cyanotoxins by cyanobacteria
  2. Are the cyanotoxins a necessary part of the bacteria’s metabolism, or can they be eliminated by way of genetic engineering without directly affecting the success of the organism?
  3. How do cyanobacteria cope with the constant exposure to native carcinogens?

These questions are only the major ones that I have, so any extra information is greatly appreciated

One Answer

This available paper has some ideas, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736421/ Search terms cyanotoxin and evolutionary give at least two more promising papers.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615542v1.full says: i) photoprotection due to absorption of harmful ultra-violet radiation; (ii) facilitating the acquisition or more efficient use of available but limiting resources; (iii) impeding growth or resource use of competitors such as green algae or other cyanobacteria; and (iv) limiting predation by inducing toxicity in organisms predating on cyanobacteria. While the role of cyanobacterial metabolites in photoprotection, resource monopolization, and habitat dominance has been demonstrated experimentally, hypotheses regarding the anti-predation role are not entirely consistent

Answered by Polypipe Wrangler on December 27, 2020

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