Biology Asked by Jaja bae on November 15, 2020
My professor’s lecture notes say that ” The basal rate of firing is called “sympathetic tone” and ‘parasympathetic tone” , but a table I found on the internet says that the parasympthetic system has no tonic activity.
Does saying the ANS has tonic activity mean that it sends impulses continuously and at a low rate to effectors? How is the ANS considered rapid then?
On Euroform Healthcare
It is written that without the sympathetic and parasympathetic tones, we would not be able to regulate the activity of organs or bring it up and down, I don’t understand why that’s the case ?
I’m very new to this whole topic (ANS) so please go lightly on me.
Short answer
Parasympathetic tone is not necessarily mediated by tonic firing.
Background
Nice question! I think part of the confusion stems from terminology. Let's start with some definitions first.
In your post you seem to assume that parasympathetic tone equals tonic firing activity. I'm not so sure about this. For example, I found a catching paper on the parasympathetic regulation of lung function in guinea pigs (which lacks sympathetic innervation altogether). The paper nicely illustrates (Fig. 1) that parasympathetic regulation of the bronchi in guinea pigs is mediated by both tonic and phasic (burst) stimulation (Myers, 2000):
[P]hasic neurons in guinea pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglia respond to a prolonged suprathreshold stimulation with a high‐frequency burst of action potentials ..., whereas tonic neurons are nonaccommodating and will respond with relatively lower frequency action potentials...
Fig. 1. Phasic and tonic neurons in guinea pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglia. source: (Myers, 2000)
References
- Hayano & Yuda, J Physiol Anthropol (2019); 38(3) (2019)
- Myers, JCN (2000); 419(417): 439-50
- Wang et al., Channels (2014); 8(4): 298–307
Answered by AliceD on November 15, 2020
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