What type of pedals are these?

I'd say those are commonly called "road pedals". They are a subset of what are called "clipless pedals." There are corresponding road shoes that fit.

From what I see in the US, there's pretty much just two major varieties of clipless pedals and cycling shoes. They're either road pedals and shoes or mountain bike pedals and shoes. I have both and from your picture would say it's clear those are road pedals.

By the way, I've found the word clipless to be a bit confusing at first, because I feel like you "clip in" to them. However, there's legacy reasoning to it as the type of clip used earlier on was more like a toe-clip.

They are road pedals made by XLC parts.

https://www.xlc-parts.com/en/road/bike-parts/pedals/

At XLC you can choose between clip-in pedals based on the SPS or Look system.

You should be able work out which system that pedal is using from the part number and get the appropriate set of cleats.

Probably either Look Delta or Look Keo.

I found an Amazon France listing at https://www.amazon.fr/XLC-Road-LOOK-System-Hipac-PD-S09einseitig-schwarz/dp/B002YEB39M

that shows cleats but doesn't name them. To my eye they seem to be Look Delta but its not a great photo.

From above the general outline is similar - they have to match the same three-hole bolt pattern.

But Keo are much more rounded in the corners, whereas Delta are pointier, almost "horned"

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Personally I'd inspect the pedals for wear and play, and if they're not great then buy new pedals based on a newer format, whether that be keo, or 2 bolt MTB, or even flat pedals.