Which tasks can be visually confirmed by other crew members?

The following tasks have visual indicators:

MedBay: Submit Scan (The Skeld, Mira HQ, Polus)

While scanning, a green hologram will surround the crewmate, moving up and then down.

Shields: Prime Shields (The Skeld)

Upon completion, the shields to the lower-right of the room will activate and turn yellow. If this task was already completed, completing it again will cause the lights to pulse.

These shields are off:

And these are on:

Storage Room: Empty Garbage (The Skeld)

This is a two-part task. The second part always takes place in the Storage Room, and upon completion, you can see garbage ejecting from the bottom of the ship.

Weapons: Clear Asteroids (The Skeld, Polus)

When the crewmate fires the weapons (by clicking / tapping on the screen), the weapons outside of the Weapons room will fire a laser. On The Skeld, these are on the right of the room ; on Polus, these are outside the room, on the left, and are visible from outside.

This is where the weapons are on The Skeld:

This is what it looks like for weapons on The Skeld to fire: *

This is what it looks like for weapons on Polus to fire:

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^{* Image credit: Among Us Wiki}