What kind of resources does the render distance in Minecraft mainly use?

Question

I'd like to set the Render Distance to 64 chunks (using Optifine) on Minecraft: Java Edtion without getting any lags or low FPS.
I have an Intel Core i7-10700K and 16Gb of RAM, and I allocate 14Gb of RAM to Minecraft. I use the integrated GPU for now (Intel UHD630, I will get a discrete GPU later).
So my question is, what kind of resources does the Render Distance in Minecraft mainly use? Is it the RAM (it is stated within the Optifine mod that I must allocate at least 4Gb of RAM to Minecraft in order to set a render distance higher than 48 chunks), the CPU, or the GPU ?
I can't figure out which of them is the most heavily used when setting high render distances.

valkyrie_pilot · Answer

Minecraft mostly uses a single core of the CPU for chunk rendering.  More then twice the ram as the game is going to use is too much, but 12GB seems appropriate for this distance. More then that tends to make the game run slower regardless due to garbage collection.  The GPU can help, but given that minecraft is CPU-heavy to begin with, the CPU is by far the bottleneck for most desktop PCs.
Also, just so you know in 1.13+ even OptiFine cannot push the render distance above 32 chunks.

What kind of resources does the render distance in Minecraft mainly use?

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