Unable to login to Minecraft java edition on Linux using Microsoft account

If you haven't purchased the game yet and want to try, you don't need an account - neither Microsoft, nor Mojang one (the latter would be required to play Java Edition; the migration to Microsoft accounts haven't begun yet), but you can't play on the same binary as the full game - what you need is the free trial version (scroll down for Java Edition). It has most of features of full game, but you can only play on a single world seed, and the world is reset after an hour of gameplay.