Is there any way to make it so you hear a music disc anywhere?

What you'll need is to turn on cheats, and then head into the chat.

Then , type in this command:

/playsound record.pigstep @s

Instead of pigstep, you can use these music discs:

• record.11

• record.13

• record.blocks

• record.cat

• record.chirp

• record.far

• record.mall

• record.mellohi

• record.pigstep

• record.stal

• record.strad

• record.wait

• record.ward

Lets say, if I wanted to play the music disc "Chirp", I would type in

/playsound record.chirp @s

Note that instead of writing @s means the person executing the command, so you. If you want it to play to everyone currently online in the world, you can use @a instead (or any other valid player selectors).