Is there a way to place blocks based on the contents data of a chest? (minecraft)

I want to create a command which allows one to do the following:
1.Store a block in a chest in a given slot.
2.Based on the specific block stored in the specific slot in the chest, place the specific block at a specific position in the over world (ideally relative to some specified position/entity).

The idea is to build slices of a structure by inserting blocks into the chest like a blueprint. Ideally this block placement would be relative to some block/entity to allow building in a variety of places. A bonus would be to fill a column of blocks at a given position by inserting more than one block into the same slot. Any idea how to create such a feature in mine-craft using commands, or if it is even possible?