How to teleport back to my freighter?

For sake of clarity and visibility, I am adding this reply.

Freighter teleporters are one-way, like the one in the Anomaly. You can teleport from the freighter to another location but not from another location to the freighter. It is also worth noticing that while teleporting from the Anomaly to another locations gives the option to return to the Anomaly by using a specific command in the menu (that disappears as soon as another teleport is used), the freighter does not provide that option.

As for the why... it is a tad unclear. Some theorized that a freighter can be moved so technically the space it was when you left could be occupied by something else now especially in multyplayer, but that does not explain why the Anomaly (that can also be moved) has a different behavior implemented.

The most probable reason for this limit is that having the ability to teleport back to the freighter could potentially be abused in multiplayer to bypass the "one freighter per system" limit that probably exist due to some technical limitations in how the freighter base are implemented. Note that this is just a theory, but I know that a famous mod that tried to bypass the 1 freighter in a system limit caused a lot of bugs.

In creative mode, I've build cubic rooms and corridors on freighter (only works from 2nd floor up) and placed exterior doors. This allowed me to exit on freighter and placed a base computer (among other stuff like a landing pad). Teleporting to this base puts me in empty space with the current ship next to me "landed". It appears to be a confusion regarding coordinates. In normal mode, the base computer can be placed but does not appear.

While taking this picture, I realized the base computer is gone. The base name is still on. I also did not move the freighter yet.