How can I use the execute and particle commands together to make particles appear on the player?

If you need help getting the particles, I just summon an area effect cloud, the link below is a generator for it. https://mcstacker.bimbimma.com/#!33816

The way I would go about this, there are probably other ways, is to run execute at @p run summon area_effect_cloud ~ ~ ~ {Particle:crit ,Radius:1f,Duration:1}

To break down what is happening, the execute at tells where the summon command should run. This only works for entities, in this case the nearest player (@p), once the execute has determined where to do this from, the command summons the area effect cloud at the coords (~ ~ ~). In the braces ({}) is where the type of particle and other nbt data are determined. The generator I linked to can help you figure this out.

I hope that helped and made sense.