Can you use a Nintendo Switch Pro Controller on Xbox One?

No. Despite using same interface (bluetooth), they use entire different messages. Xbox consoles do not have drivers from Nintendo controllers.

Only way this could work is with 3rd party adapter that converts Switch controller messages to Xbox mesages

As I know, NS Pro controller's LZ/RZ were both digital trigger, like a normal button. Compare to xbox one controller's LT/RT, they are analog trigger.

Even if you can connect NS Pro Controller to xbox one via some 3rd party adapter(if exist), you can't provide analog trigger.