Why are text and lines so close?

Question

begin{table}[htbp]
centering
caption{}label{TABfeatures}
begin{tabular}
{|c|c|c|}
hline
layername& 18layer& xx
hline
ss & multicolumn{2}{c|}{xx}
hline
multirow{3}{*}{fdsfs} &  $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $ & sf 
cline{2-3}
& $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $& fsd
hline
xx & fds & fsd
hline
end{tabular}
end{table}

leandriis · Accepted Answer

Here are 4 different versions of your table:

documentclass{article}
usepackage{amsmath}
usepackage{multirow}
usepackage{caption}

% Only used in first example:
usepackage[column=0]{cellspace}
setlength{cellspacetoplimit}{0.5tabcolsep}
setlength{cellspacebottomlimit}{cellspacetoplimit}

% Only used in second example:
usepackage{makecell}
setcellgapes{0.5tabcolsep}

% Only used in third example:
usepackage{booktabs}

% Only used in last example:
usepackage{nicematrix}
NiceMatrixOptions{cell-space-limits = 0.5tabcolsep}

begin{document}

begin{table}[htbp]
centering
caption{with cellspace}label{TABfeatures}
begin{tabular}{|0c|0c|0c|}
hline
layername& 18layer& xx
hline
ss & multicolumn{2}{c|}{xx}
hline
multirow{3.5}{*}{fdsfs} &  $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $ & sf 
cline{2-3}
& $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $& fsd
hline
xx & fds & fsd
hline
end{tabular}
end{table}

begin{table}[htbp]
centering
makegapedcells
caption{with makecell}label{TABfeatures}
begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
hline
layername& 18layer& xx
hline
ss & multicolumn{2}{c|}{xx}
hline
multirow{3.5}{*}{fdsfs} &  $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $ & sf 
cline{2-3}
& $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $& fsd
hline
xx & fds & fsd
hline
end{tabular}
end{table}

begin{table}[htbp]
centering
caption{with booktabs}label{TABfeatures}
begin{tabular}{ccc}
toprule
layername& 18layer& xx
midrule
ss & multicolumn{2}{c}{xx}
addlinespace
multirow{3.5}{*}{fdsfs} &  $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $ & sf 
addlinespace
& $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $& fsd
addlinespace
xx & fds & fsd
bottomrule
end{tabular}
end{table}

begin{table}[htbp]
centering
caption{with nicematrix}label{TABfeatures}
begin{NiceTabular}{ccc}[hvlines]
layername& 18layer& xx
ss & Block{1-2}{xx}
Block{2-1}{fdsfs} &  $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $ & sf 
& $left[begin{array}{l}3 times 3,64  3 times 3,64end{array}right] times 3 $& fsd
xx & fds & fsd
end{NiceTabular}
end{table}

end{document}

egreg · Answer

Here I define a mystrut command that takes as argument the number of rows in the matrix that produces the problem; it makes a phantom matrix with as many rows plus one row minus 1ex.
I also add a different solution with an “uncaged” table.
documentclass{article}
usepackage{amsmath}
usepackage{siunitx}
usepackage{multirow} % first solution
usepackage{booktabs} % second solution

sisetup{output-decimal-marker={,}}

% you may need usepackage{xparse}
ExplSyntaxOn
NewDocumentCommand{mystrut}{m}
 {
  vphantom
   {
    begin{matrix} prg_replicate:nn { #1 + 1 } {  }[-1ex] end{matrix}
   }
 }
ExplSyntaxOff

begin{document}

begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
hline
layername & 18layer & xx
hline
ss & multicolumn{2}{c|}{xx}
hline
multirow{4}{*}{fdsfs}
  & $mystrut{2} begin{bmatrix} 3 times num{3,64}  3 times num{3,64} end{bmatrix} times 3$
  & sf 
cline{2-3}
  & $mystrut{2} begin{bmatrix} 3 times num{3,64}  3 times num{3,64} end{bmatrix} times 3$
  & fsd
hline
xx & fds & fsd
hline
end{tabular}

bigskip

begin{tabular}{@{}ccc@{}}
toprule
layername & 18layer & xx 
cmidrule(r){1-1} cmidrule(l){2-3}
ss & multicolumn{2}{c}{xx}
midrule
fdsfs
  & $ begin{bmatrix} 3 times num{3,64}  3 times num{3,64} end{bmatrix} times 3$
  & sf 
addlinespace
  & $ begin{bmatrix} 3 times num{3,64}  3 times num{3,64} end{bmatrix} times 3$
  & fsd
midrule
xx & fds & fsd
bottomrule
end{tabular}

end{document}

In the second table there is no need for multirow, because it's clear that fsdf refers to the whole block.

Why are text and lines so close?

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