inside colorbox, input{table.tex} fails with caption but succeeds without caption

Please note that these table.tex and caption_table.tex are generated via pandas.DataFrame.to_latex() with actual command given in the comments of each table.

An acceptable solution would omit any manual editing of these tables.

MWE 1. (no caption, working):

$ pdflatex test.tex

test.tex:

documentclass{article}
% formatting
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}


% figures
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{caption}
usepackage{subcaption}

% tables
usepackage{pgfplotstable}
usepackage[shortlabels]{enumitem}
usepackage{booktabs}

% date
usepackage[mmddyyyy]{datetime}

begin{document}

section*{section with table}
begin{tcolorbox}[colback=yellow!10!white,colframe=black]
  textit{min, max, mean, variance of all features.}
  tcblower
  input{table.tex}
end{tcolorbox}

end{document}

table.tex:

% command to generate
% pd.DataFrame(
%     {
%         "mean":np.mean(X,axis=0),
%         "var":np.var(X,axis=0),
%         "max":np.max(X,axis=0),
%         "min":np.min(X,axis=0)
%     }).to_latex(buf="table.tex")

begin{tabular}{lrrrr}
toprule
{} &         mean &           var &        max &        min 
midrule
0  &   241.601104 &  8.349917e+01 &    253.000 &  193.50000 
1  &   227.376571 &  9.262559e+01 &    249.000 &  152.50000 
2  &   241.554150 &  3.528634e+01 &    252.500 &  214.25000 
3  &   232.826768 &  9.762573e+01 &    252.500 &  152.50000 
4  &  3089.923365 &  1.565151e+07 &  31048.000 &   10.00000 
5  &   928.259020 &  3.081762e+06 &  13630.000 &    0.00000 
6  &   138.093830 &  4.439517e+05 &   9238.000 &    0.00000 
7  &     3.248579 &  8.219485e+00 &    125.170 &    0.00000 
8  &     6.498653 &  6.405048e+00 &     19.167 &    0.87589 
9  &     2.097139 &  4.363440e+00 &     13.230 &    0.00000 
10 &     4.217660 &  4.086372e+00 &     66.761 &    0.00000 
11 &     2.691718 &  2.198778e+00 &     73.902 &    0.00000 
12 &    10.271590 &  4.046462e+02 &    975.040 &    0.99049 
13 &     5.781481 &  3.406521e+03 &    797.200 & -999.90000 
bottomrule
end{tabular}

output:

MWE 2. (with caption, compiler error):

$ pdflatex test_caption.tex

test_caption.tex:

documentclass{article}
% formatting
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}


% figures
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{caption}
usepackage{subcaption}

% tables
usepackage{pgfplotstable}
usepackage[shortlabels]{enumitem}
usepackage{booktabs}

% date
usepackage[mmddyyyy]{datetime}

begin{document}

section*{section with table}
begin{tcolorbox}[colback=yellow!10!white,colframe=black]
  textit{min, max, mean, variance of all features.}
  tcblower
  input{caption_table.tex}
end{tcolorbox}

end{document}

caption_table.tex:

% command to generate
% pd.DataFrame(
%     {
%         "mean":np.mean(X,axis=0),
%         "var":np.var(X,axis=0),
%         "max":np.max(X,axis=0),
%         "min":np.min(X,axis=0)
%     }).to_latex(buf="caption_table.tex",
%                 caption="this is a caption")


begin{table}
centering
caption{this is a caption}
begin{tabular}{lrrrr}
toprule
{} &         mean &           var &        max &        min 
midrule
0  &   241.601104 &  8.349917e+01 &    253.000 &  193.50000 
1  &   227.376571 &  9.262559e+01 &    249.000 &  152.50000 
2  &   241.554150 &  3.528634e+01 &    252.500 &  214.25000 
3  &   232.826768 &  9.762573e+01 &    252.500 &  152.50000 
4  &  3089.923365 &  1.565151e+07 &  31048.000 &   10.00000 
5  &   928.259020 &  3.081762e+06 &  13630.000 &    0.00000 
6  &   138.093830 &  4.439517e+05 &   9238.000 &    0.00000 
7  &     3.248579 &  8.219485e+00 &    125.170 &    0.00000 
8  &     6.498653 &  6.405048e+00 &     19.167 &    0.87589 
9  &     2.097139 &  4.363440e+00 &     13.230 &    0.00000 
10 &     4.217660 &  4.086372e+00 &     66.761 &    0.00000 
11 &     2.691718 &  2.198778e+00 &     73.902 &    0.00000 
12 &    10.271590 &  4.046462e+02 &    975.040 &    0.99049 
13 &     5.781481 &  3.406521e+03 &    797.200 & -999.90000 
bottomrule
end{tabular}
end{table}

test_caption.log:

LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for TS1/cmr/m/n on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 21.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 21.
 ABD: EveryShipout initializing macros
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/context/base/mkii/supp-pdf.mkii
[Loading MPS to PDF converter (version 2006.09.02).]
scratchcounter=count339
scratchdimen=dimen296
scratchbox=box77
nofMPsegments=count340
nofMParguments=count341
everyMPshowfont=toks48
MPscratchCnt=count342
MPscratchDim=dimen297
MPnumerator=count343
makeMPintoPDFobject=count344
everyMPtoPDFconversion=toks49
) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/epstopdf-pkg/epstopdf-base.sty
Package: epstopdf-base 2020-01-24 v2.11 Base part for package epstopdf

(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/grfext/grfext.sty
Package: grfext 2019/12/03 v1.3 Manage graphics extensions (HO)

(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/kvdefinekeys/kvdefinekeys.sty
Package: kvdefinekeys 2019-12-19 v1.6 Define keys (HO)
))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/kvoptions/kvoptions.sty
Package: kvoptions 2019/11/29 v3.13 Key value format for package options (HO)

(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/kvsetkeys/kvsetkeys.sty
Package: kvsetkeys 2019/12/15 v1.18 Key value parser (HO)
))
Package epstopdf-base Info: Redefining graphics rule for `.eps' on input line 4
85.
Package grfext Info: Graphics extension search list:
(grfext)             [.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PDF,.PNG,.JPG,.JPE
G,.JBIG2,.JB2,.eps]
(grfext)             AppendGraphicsExtensions on input line 504.

(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/epstopdf-sys.cfg
File: epstopdf-sys.cfg 2010/07/13 v1.3 Configuration of (r)epstopdf for TeX Liv
e
))
c@lstlisting=count345
Package caption Info: Begin AtBeginDocument code.
Package caption Info: End AtBeginDocument code.


Package pgfplots Warning: running in backwards compatibility mode (unsuitable t
ick labels; missing features). Consider writing pgfplotsset{compat=1.16} into 
your preamble.
 on input line 21.

(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fmtcount/fc-english.def
File: fc-english.def 2016/01/12
)
(./caption_table.tex

! LaTeX Error: Not in outer par mode.

See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.2 centering
              
? 
! Undefined control sequence.
caption@ORI@xfloat ... global setbox @currbox 
                                                  color@vbox normalcolor ...
l.2 centering
              
? 
! Missing number, treated as zero.
<to be read again> 
                   vbox 
l.2 centering
              
? 
) [1

captionof{table}{this is a caption}