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Discriminating between two identical elements when they are both "displayed" and "enabled" but only one is actually visible

Software Quality Assurance & Testing Asked by BelovedFool on December 7, 2020

I am currently automating tests for a native app and I have some issues with "ghosts" elements. By "ghosts elements" I mean elements that are in the code and technically on the page but aren’t visible to the user.

I am testing using Android and I don’t know if the issue would also be present with iOS.

Simply put, I want to click on element X but instead I end up clicking on element Y who isn’t visible to the user because X and Y share the same specifications (same text, same element type/class).

I have tried ignoring the element Y by using "isDisplayed()" and "isEnabled()" but it seems like both X and Y are displayed and enabled (even though only X is actually visible to the user).

Is there any way I can discriminate between X and Y using the fact that one is visible to the user and the other isn’t? If possible, I don’t want to ask the devs to change the code of the app.

If it helps, here is how the app ended up with "ghost elements":

  1. Apps open page 1, page 1 has element Y

  2. Apps open page 2, page 2 is different that page 1 but have element X who is the same as element Y from page 1

  3. We are now on page 2 but page 1 didn’t disappear and is just "behind" page 2.

I found this and that who seem to be about the same issue, but there is no solution on how to fix it.


PS: I am using Java but I would accept answers in any language.

One Answer

I believe the UI has a certain hierarchy and normally object hierarchy has ordered structure (like XML). That means that when you add an element you don't just add it to a random place but to a specific place. Usually it is either the top or the bottom of outer container.

So assume you have the structure like this:

<app>
  <page>
    <element>bottom</element>
  </page>  
  <page>
    <element>top</element>
  </page>  
</app>

If the new page added is being added to the top, then you can access it with /app/page[1]/element

If the new page added is being added to the bottom, then you can access it with /app/page[last()]/element

Correct answer by Alexey R. on December 7, 2020

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