Puzzling Asked on May 21, 2021
And today’s puzzle, a freshly made one that I am thinking of adding to my collection, I hope it’s challenging enough!
CHALLENGE: Guess the hats of the prisoners.
SPECIAL RULE: There are three types of hats now. There is one multicolored hat, which is both green and black. The rest of the hats are simple black or green.
DESCRIPTION: Each one can see the hats that are in front of them, and not their own.
Pay attention to the order, they give tips one by one:
1- A sees 2 prisoners wearing black (1 of them could be the multicolor hat)
2- Only after listening to A can B figure out which hat he is wearing (remember it could be black, green or multicolor)
3- Only after listening to B can C figure out what hat he is wearing.
4- And finally, D can figure out which hat he is wearing. He can only figure it out after listening to C, not before.
You know there is one multicolor hat, but you don’t know how many green and black hats there are of each color (all of them must be wearing one). EDIT: However, all do know the exact amount there is of each type!
Reminder: In order to "know their hat", they must know exactly which of the three types of hat they have, i.e., they must be sure if they’re wearing the multicolor hat or a simple one.
Good luck!
New answer:
The conclusion is the same as Braegh but the reasons are different.
Correct answer by Prince Deepthinker on May 21, 2021
I'm probably missing something, but I'll put out my current solution to try to think through if I'm missing anything. Easier to do that while explaining.
First things:
Using this:
However, at this point we run into a slight problem:
In conclusion:
Answered by Anthony Ingram-Westover on May 21, 2021
I think the answer is:
Based on statement #1:
An alternative:
But the problem is:
Answered by Jeremy Dover on May 21, 2021
For B to positively identify his hat, any of the following must be true:
Let's (still) start with Scenario 2:
Answered by Braegh on May 21, 2021
Here's how I attempted to do it. Let's denote the multi-coloured hat as m, black hats as b, and green hats as g. Let's now consider a few scenarios.
EDIT: Scenario 3a has been update to reflect the correct answer as per @Guess Hat's comment.
SCENARIO 1
SCENARIO 2
SCENARIO 3
SCENARIO 4
Thus, I conclude that,
Answered by Alaiko on May 21, 2021
I believe that the solution must be
Reasoning is as follows. A sees two hats containing black, so the possible hat orderings she sees are:
For B to know his hat colour he must see:
For C to know her hat colour she must see:
Now D knows:
Answered by Penguino on May 21, 2021
OK - now that I understand that the competitors already know the number of hats of each colour that are used in the game I will try again.
Because there is only one multicoloured hat and A can see only two hats with black in them, there must be at least one green hat. So the possible sets of hats are some orderings of the colours
In each of these sets, there are 12 possible orders the hats could have been given out. I have drawn them in the following table. The first column is the order number (so I can reference them below), the 2nd to 5th columns show the hat colours of A to D respectively, and the 6th to 9th columns show if the respective comments of A to D are impossible (x), possible (o), or known before the previous players comment (b).
With reference to top half of the table. For the first set:
With reference to bottom half of the table. For the second set:
So in conclusion: only the final arrangement (12) for the second set of hats is consistent with all the players statements and the colours are therefore
Answered by Penguino on May 21, 2021
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