Physics Asked on June 11, 2021
According to Resnick’s Introduction to Special Relativity,Lorentz transformation in general can be given as:
$x’=a_{11}x+a_{12}y + a_{13}z+a_{14}t$
$y’=a_{21}x+a_{22}y + a_{23}z+a_{24}t$
$z’=a_{31}x+a_{32}y + a_{33}z+a_{34}t$
$t’=a_{41}x+a_{42}y + a_{43}z+a_{44}t$
Firstly, I am unable to make a symmetry argument to prove that $y=y’$ and $z=z’$. I could prove $x’$ should be independent of $y$ and $z$.
Next, I disagree with the mathematical derivation of this in Resnick.
If $S$ and $S’$ are two frames with $S’$ moving with velocity $vec v$ relative to $S$, then without loss of generality we can orient $vec v$ to be along $X$ axis (for $S$) and $X’$ axis (for $S’$).
Then to prove $y=y’$ and $z=z’$ he uses an argument that $X’Y’$ plane and $XY$ plane should be the same. But just because their velocity vectors are along the X axis, their XY planes need not be the same right. . . the Y’ and Z’ axis could lie anywhere in the YZ plane as shown in fig.
So how can we prove $y=y’$ and $z=z’$?
Question:
What symmetry argument can be used to prove that $y=y’$
is it true that we can derive y=y’ and x=x’ without assuming any two axes to be aligned?
I know we can align one more axis (say z along z’) and prove the invariance… But isn’t it wrong otherwise?
You can take components of your y' and z' and then use the argument that the author uses. Obviously they have no component along x axis and hence there is no change in them.
Answered by Danny LeBeau on June 11, 2021
This is mostly an arbitrary choice. The $y'$ and $z'$ axes are chosen to be aligned with the $y$ and $z$ axes for convenience. They don't need to be: the transformation you've sketched (with the $y'$ and $z'$ related to the original $y$ and $z$ by a fixed rotation about the $x$/$x'$ axis) is perfectly allowed.
As a consequence of this, it is impossible to, as you say, "derive $y=y'$ and $z=z'$". It is a possibility that can be true, but it doesn't need to be true.
That said, you do need to prove that the choice of $y=y'$ and $z=z'$ is a choice you actually can make, and this is not entirely trivial. The argumentation in Resnick is (presumably) an attempt to justify that this is choice is possible.
Answered by Emilio Pisanty on June 11, 2021
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