Physics Asked by yarnamc on October 4, 2020
They state that the chemical potential in a canonical ensemble is given by:
$$mu = -kT frac{partial{ln Z(N,V,T)}}{partial{N}} tag{1}$$
But if I use the definition of chemical partial (which I assume to be general):
$$mu = -Tfrac{partial{S}}{partial{N}}$$
And I substitute $S(N,V,T) = kln Z+kTfrac{partial{ln Z}}{partial{T}} $ I get almost (1), but with an extra term. I have no clue why this term should be zero.
I have found this old question without a final answer. Actually, it is quite simple to show the equivalence of the two formulas.
Indeed, from $$ dE = T dS -pdV + mu dN, $$ we see that, at constant $V$ and $T$, this equation implies:
$$ mu = -T left.frac{partial{S}}{partial{N}}right|_{T,V} + left.frac{partial{E}}{partial{N}}right|_{T,V}=left.frac{partial{F}}{partial{N}}right|_{T,V}, $$ while at constant $V$ and $E$: $$ mu =- Tleft.frac{partial{S}}{partial{N}}right|_{E,V}, $$ then, the cancellation of the extra term follows.
Answered by GiorgioP on October 4, 2020
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