Physics Asked by VanDerWarden on August 15, 2021
Essentially, the problem I’m trying to solve is
The
potential at a distance $r$ from the nucleus that is generated by an electron in a
hydrogen atom is given by:
$$V(r) = frac{q}{4pivarepsilon_o}left(frac{e^{-2r/a}-1}{r}+frac{e^{-2r/a}}{a}right) $$
where $a$ is a constant (which I think is the radius of the atom). Use Gauss’ law to calculate the total charge in the electron cloud.
To use Gauss law for a spherical surface (in the form $Ecdot 4pi r^2 = Q/varepsilon_o$), we need field $E = -frac{dV}{dr}$. If we evaluate the field $E$ at $r=a$, so that we contain the entire cloud, we get that
$$E(r) = frac{q}{4pivarepsilon_oa^2e^2}(e^2-5).$$
And I think that something is incorrect – the electron cloud should have charge $-q$, but there’s no way to get that from the above. What am I missing?
(all similar questions on this site are with charge density $rho$ instead of the potential, so they are not useful).
If you calculate the electric field for a very large $r$, you get $$E = -frac{q}{4 pi epsilon_0 r^2}$$
Notice the negative, I think your electric field at a has the wrong sign.
Using Gauss’ law, $E A = Q / epsilon_0$, noticing that $A = 4 pi r^2$, you get simply get $-q = Q$.
I’m guessing that this equation then doesn’t take into account the nucleus, so that the charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface is just the charge of the electron cloud.
Answered by Anonymous on August 15, 2021
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