Physics Asked on April 22, 2021
When you have a solution to a time-dependent Schrodinger Equation, $$Psi(x,t)=expleft({-frac{ihbar^2k_0^2t}{2m}}right)sin(k_0x), tag{1}$$ and want to know the distribution of momentum
at time t, you can decompose the sin function into $$sin(k_0x)=frac{exp(ik_0x)-exp(-ik_0x)}{2i}, tag{2}$$ and say each is an eigenfunction of $hat{p}$.
I guess the momenta are $frac{exp(ik_0x)}{2i}$ and $frac{-exp(-ik_0x)}{2i}$ with equal probability 1/2 because the coefficients squared ${(1/(2i))}^2$ are equal.
I’m still not sure why the eigenvalue would be $-k_0$, $k_0$ and not $-hbar k_0$, $hbar k_0$.
EDIT: The momentum here means the distribution of momenta. Due some feedback, I decided to attach the original problem, citing Professor Irfan Siddiqi’s exam from 2018:
A free particle of mass m moving in one dimension is known to be in the initial state
$$ psi(x,0)=sin (k_0 x)$$
The wavefunction $(1)$ is not a momentum eigenstate, so does not have momentum eigenvalues. As mentioned in the comments, interesting questions you can instead ask of this wavefunction include "what is the average momentum of this state?" and "what is the distribution of momenta for this state?".
Answered by AnotherShruggingPhysicist on April 22, 2021
For those who might wonder, I'd like to attempt answering my own question. I realized the eigenvalues are indeed $hbar k_0, -hbar k_0$. Also, we need to normalize the eigenfunctions so that the coefficients become $pm frac{1}{i}.$
Answered by JChang on April 22, 2021
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