Physics Asked by pongoS on February 4, 2021
I’m going through problems in Quantum Field Theory for the Gifted Amateur, and have been trying to understand a problem on the forced quantum oscillator [$L = frac{1}{2}dot{x}(t)^2-frac{1}{2}momega^2x(t)^2+f(t)x(t)$ ] and response functions.
The response function is
$$
langlepsi(t)|hat{x}(t)|psi(t)rangle = int_{-infty}^infty mathrm{d}t’chi(t-t’)f(t’)
$$
I want to show, using the interaction representation, that to first order in the force function $f_I(t)$
$$
|psi_I(t)rangle = |0rangle + iint_{-infty}^t mathrm{d}t’f_I(t’)hat{x}_I(t’)|0rangle
$$
Here is what I’ve done so far:
I started by taylor expanding the interacting ket:
$$ |psi_I(t)rangle = e^{i hat{H_0}(t)t}|psi(t)rangle = |psi(t)rangle + i hat{H_0}(t)t|psi(t)rangle+O(H_0^2)
$$
but I am confused about how to relate the wave function to the ground state, and how to use the information I have about the response function. When you have an expression for $|psirangle$ there is a procedure for finding the expectation value. I don’t know how to go the other way and around and extract a ket from the response function.
I also note that I can convert the response function to the interaction picture and it will have the same value, and that I can change f(t) to the interaction picture $f_I(t) = e^{i H_0 t}f(t)e^{-i H_0 t} =f(t) + O(H_0^2)$ since $H_0$ and f(t) commute.
The insight I was missing was that the $e^{i hat{H_0}(t)} t|psi(t)rangle$ can be thought of more abstractly as $U(t)|psi(0)rangle $, where $U(t) = e^{-i hat{H}(t)t}. When the ket starts out in the ground state, doing the taylor expansion and subsitution of the interaction picture for f and x works.
Answered by pongoS on February 4, 2021
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