Physics Asked on May 7, 2021
The standard answer is that maximum torque is when the coil is horizontal, but this assumes a constant current flowing through the coil. When the coil is horizontal, the back emf is a maximum so there are a minimum current and magnetic force. These two effects are in opposition, so I’m looking for a more rigorous proof.
Let $theta$ be the angle between the horizontal and the coil
$$IR=V_{supplied}-V_{back}=V-frac{d(nBAsin{theta)}}{dt}=V-nBAcos{theta}frac {dtheta}{dt}$$
$$F=nBIl=(frac{nBl}{R})(V-nBAcos{theta}frac{dtheta}{dt})$$
For the torque $T$:
$$T=2Frcos{theta}=(frac{2nBl}{R})cos{theta}(V-nBAcos{frac{dtheta}{dt}})=Ifrac{d^2theta}{d^2t}$$
$$T_{max}rightarrow T’=0rightarrow-Vsin{theta}+2nBAcos{theta}sin{frac{dtheta}{dt}}-nBA{cos}^2thetafrac{dtheta}{dt}=0rightarrow$$
$$sin{theta}(2nBAcos{theta}frac{dtheta}{dt}-nBAfrac{d^2theta}{d^2 t}+nBAsin{theta}frac{d^2theta}{d^2 t}-V)=0$$
$sin{theta}=0 rightarrow theta=0$, $theta=pi$ OR $2nBAcos{theta}frac{dtheta}{dt}-nBAθfrac{d^2theta}{d^2 t}+nBAsinfrac{d^2theta}{d^2 t}-V=0$
This is the standard answer; maximum torque when the coil is horizontal. How would I verify that this is indeed a maximum stationary point and how would I solve the second possible solution for the stationary points?
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