Measuring a speed in Kelvin $K$

Sort of, you also need to take the mass of the particles into account (temperature can classically be thought of as vibrational energy, which scales with mass). The equation you're looking for (for a gas) is: $$ v_{RMS} = sqrt{frac{3RT}{M_m}} $$ Where $R$ is the gas constant, $M_m$ is the molar mass and $v_{RMS}$ is the root-mean square speed of the molecules in your gas, e.g. the square root of the average of the square of the velocity: $$v_{RMS} = sqrt{overline{v^2}}$$