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Is there a "square root" version of the Einstein field equation?

Physics Asked on January 31, 2021

It is well known that the Klein-Gordon equation have a kind of "square root" version : the Dirac equation.

The Maxwell equations can also be formulated in a Dirac way.

It is also well known that the metric of general relativity have a kind of "square root" version : the tetrad field (or vierbein) of components $e_{mu}^a(x)$ :
begin{equation}tag{1}
g_{mu nu}(x) = eta_{ab} , e_{mu}^a(x) , e_{nu}^b(x).
end{equation}

Now, a natural question to ask is if the full Einstein equations :
begin{equation}tag{2}
G_{mu nu} + Lambda , g_{mu nu} = -, kappa , T_{mu nu},
end{equation}

could be reformulated for the tetrad field only (or other variables ?), as a kind of a "Dirac version" of it ? In other words : is there a "square root" version of equation (2) ?

2 Answers

  1. Since Nature has fermionic matter we are anyway ultimately forced to rewrite the metric in GR in terms of a vielbein (and introduce a spin connection). See e.g. my Phys answer here. The fermionic matter obeys a Dirac equation in curved spacetime. This however would not amount to a square root of EFE.

  2. There exist supersymmetric extensions of GR, such as, SUGRA.

  3. Another idea is to consider YM-type theories as a square root of GR, or GR as a double copy of YM. See e.g. the Ashtekar formulation or the KLT relations.

Answered by Qmechanic on January 31, 2021

By taking the "Dirac square root" of the Hamiltonian constraint for GR, you naturally end up with Supergravity...so in some appropriate sense, SUGRA "is" a "square root" of GR. For more on this, see:

  • Romualdo Tabensky, Claudio Teitelboim, "The square root of general relativity". Physics Letters B 69 no.4 (1977) pp 453-456. Eprint
  • Claudio Teitelboim, "Supergravity and Square Roots of Constraints". Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 (1977) 1106. Eprint

Answered by Alex Nelson on January 31, 2021

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