Physics Asked by Phil_Charly on December 8, 2020
Because my previous question was short and confusing, it was put on hold. This is my new question, which getes straight to the point.
I have an electromagnetic plane wave which has wavelength $λ$ = 1 mm which is traveling through air parallel with $z$ axis (to +$z$) .The amplitude of the electric field is perpendicular to the $z$ axis and is stated $vec{E}_o=A(hat x+hat y)$ where $A$ = 0,5 V/m. How can I find the magnetic field amplitude of $vec{H}_o $ .
I think I must use Maxwell’s equation $ ∇×vec{E} = − jomegamu_0 vec{H} $, from which follows $ vec{H}_o = vec{k} circ vec{E}_o / omega mu_0$ , but where can the propagation constant $k$ can be derived?
Properties of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum:
${bf E}$, ${bf B}$ and ${bf k}$ are mutually perpendicular. The mutual orientation is such that ${bf E}times {bf B}$ is in the same direction as ${bf k}$.
${bf k}$ defines the direction of travel of the wave.
The amplitude of the B-field is $c^{-1}$ that of the E-field, where $c = omega /k$ (you really ought to see what ${bf k}$ is from this). If the wave is not in vacuum, but a non-conducting medium, $c$ is replaced by $c/n$, where $n$ is the refractive index.
E-field and B-field are in phase.
So here, $k =2pi/lambda = 6283$ m$^{-1}$. The vector direction is along the z-axis.
The magnitude of $k$ is not required here since in air we can assume the wave speed is still $c$ and thus the H-field will have a magnitude of $E_0/mu_0 c$ (SI units). The direction must be perpendicular to the E-field and perpendicular to $vec{k}$.
Now to find this, you could use Faraday's law and do the curl of the E-field and then integrate with respect to time; or you could just see that two possible vectors that are in the xy plane and perpendicular to $hat{x} + hat{y}$ are $hat{x} - hat{y}$ or $-hat{x} + hat{y}$. Which is it? Well the tiebreaker is that $vec{E} times vec{H}$ (the Poynting vector) must be in the direction of wave motion. Looking at the two possibilities, we see it is the first one. Thus $$vec{H}_0 = frac{A}{mu_0 c} (hat{x} - hat{y})$$
Answered by Rob Jeffries on December 8, 2020
I wonder why nobody mentioned the obvious: divide by the impedance of free space. The E field is in volts per meter, the H field is in amps per meter, and the ration of volts to amps is 377 ohms.
Answered by Marty Green on December 8, 2020
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