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Gauge invariance for the electric field

Physics Asked on June 9, 2021

We know that $$boldsymbol{E}=-nabla V-frac{partialboldsymbol{A}}{partial t}$$

$$boldsymbol{B}=nablatimesboldsymbol{A}$$
But I see that the following changes do not change these fields:
$$boldsymbol{A}toboldsymbol{A}+nabla f$$
$$Vto V-frac{partial f}{partial t}$$

My question is about $V$, why is the partial derivative with respect to time does not change the electric field? why would $$nablaleft(frac{partial f}{partial t}right)=0$$
I don’t see that explained anywhere, and I fail to understand how that is so trivial for any function $f$ that depends on position and time.

One Answer

The zero is due to canceling the part from vector potential change and the scalar potential change in the electric field definition.

Correct answer by Vladimir Kalitvianski on June 9, 2021

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