Physics Asked by Matrix001 on March 4, 2021
I have been reading QFT for the Gifted Amateur, on page 110, it reads:
"For the case of the real scalar field…it is Hermitian. For our
complex scalar field there is no reason why the field operator should be
Hermitian."
Is this because, the Lagrangian Density for a real scalar field doesn’t have any adjoints, and so when trying to use to calculate the Hamiltonian Operator (which is Hermitian), the scalar field would also need to be Hermitian? Whereas for a complex scalar field, it’s Lagrangian Density has adjoints in it and so it is not required for the field to be Hermitian, as the no-Hermitian components can be ‘cancelled out’, and so the Hamiltonian operator would be Hermitian?
EDIT: What I mean is, the Lagrangian density for a complex scalar field would be something like:
$$ L=(∂^{μ}ψ)^{†}(∂_{μ}ψ)-m^{2}ψ^{†}ψ $$
Since it is guaranteed that all the terms are Hermitian (since ψ† ψ is Hermitian), then there is no need for the field to be Hermitian. However, the Langrangian for a real scalar field, would be something like:
$$L=frac{1}{2}(∂_{μ}ϕ)^{2}-frac{1}{2}(mϕ)^{2}$$
Since it isn’t guranteed that the terms will be Hermitian due to the lack of terms adjoints, ϕ must be Hermitian.
My Question is: Is this reasoning correct?
Quantization maps complex-valued functions over the phase space to operators acting on the Hilbert space.
Real functions over the phase space are a special case. They are mapped to Hermitian operators.
The value of the complex-valued field at a point is a complex-valued function over the phase space (the space of solutions to the eom). Hence it is mapped to a non-Hermitian operator.
(Caveat: to make this mathematically precise, the field value needs to be smeared with some test function rather than taken at a single point in spacetime, but this detail doesn’t matter for your question.)
The value of the real-valued field at a point is a real-valued function on the phase space. After quantization it becomes a Hermitian operator.
Answered by Prof. Legolasov on March 4, 2021
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