Can we use Bosonization to study models without $U(1)$ symmetry?

When studying lattice models using bosonization, we expect the charge is preserved so that the elementary excitation is particle-hole like bosonic degrees of freedom. How about models without $U(1)$ symmetry? For example, the quantum Ising chain with only $Z_2$ symmetry? Can one still use bosonic fields to study its low-energy physics (near the critical point) ?